The importance of the arithmetical proportion is unquestionable from two points of view: school mathematics and its practical application. Its importance is reflected in a series of works in the Mathematics Education field, which is our main topic. In this article we show an historical review of some of the main concepts related to the arithmetical proportion, such as ratio and proportion. Besides its importance, as an historical study, we believe that the conclusions that follow this research may be useful in order to improve the teaching of ideas, concepts and techniques involved.
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