A confrontation between the mathematics study and the school mathematics is assumed as the fundamental problem in mathematics teaching. The nature and functions of these mathematics are different. However, the second one requires to interpret and reorganize the first. This task has drawn the attention to the reconstruction of the mathematics meanings at the different school levels. The reconstruction of meanings provides de categories of mathematical knowledge related to the human activity. In this form, this activity is set as the hypothesis that works as a source of the reorganization of the mathematical work and of the redesign of the school mathematical speech. The advances of the stating are discussed through a reorganization of Calculus and through the theoretical approaching that includes four basic components of the construction of mathematical knowledge: the epistemological, cognitive, didactic and social dimensions.